Canadian Tax Disputes and CRA Services

KR Law Firm assists individuals and businesses with disputes, proceedings, collections, relief applications and other matters involving the Canada Revenue Agency. Explore our Canadian tax services below, including CRA audits, objections, Tax Court appeals, voluntary disclosures, taxpayer relief, tax debt and judicial review.

Appealing a CRA Tax Decision?

Our tax lawyers represent individuals and businesses in appeals before the Tax Court of Canada.

Tax Court Appeals

When a tax dispute is not resolved through the CRA objection process, a taxpayer may have the right to appeal to the Tax Court of Canada. KR Law Firm represents individuals and businesses in tax litigation involving disputed assessments, reassessments and other matters within the Tax Court’s jurisdiction.

How We Assist With Tax Court Appeals

  • Case Assessment: Reviewing the CRA’s decision, the relevant tax issues, evidence and procedural history to assess the appeal.
  • Appeal Preparation: Preparing and filing the necessary court documents and developing the legal position for the appeal.
  • Evidence and Legal Strategy: Identifying relevant evidence, legal authorities and arguments to support the taxpayer’s position.
  • Tax Court Representation: Representing clients throughout the litigation process, including procedural steps, negotiations and court proceedings.

Tax Court proceedings may follow the informal or general procedure depending on the nature of the appeal and applicable rules. The appropriate procedure can affect filing requirements, representation and how the case proceeds.

Learn More About Tax Court Appeals

CRA Collections & Tax Debt

If you owe tax debt to the Canada Revenue Agency, the CRA may take collection action that can affect your income, bank accounts and assets. KR Law Firm advises individuals and businesses facing CRA collections, significant tax debt and enforcement action, and assists with legal strategy, CRA communications and available payment or relief options.

CRA Collection Actions May Include

  • Requirements to Pay and Garnishments: The CRA may require an employer, financial institution or another third party that owes or holds money for you to redirect funds toward your tax debt.
  • Bank Account Enforcement: CRA collection measures may affect funds held in personal or business bank accounts.
  • Liens and Asset Enforcement: Depending on the circumstances, the CRA may register a lien or take enforcement action against property or other assets.
  • Government Set-Offs: Certain tax refunds, credits or other government payments may be applied against amounts owing.

How KR Law Firm Can Help

  • CRA Collections Strategy: Reviewing the debt, collection status and available legal options based on your circumstances.
  • Communication With the CRA: Assisting with communications with CRA collections officers and addressing enforcement concerns.
  • Payment Arrangements: Advising on available payment arrangements when a tax debt cannot be paid immediately.
  • Penalty and Interest Relief: Assessing whether relief from penalties or interest may be available in appropriate circumstances.
  • Disputes and Legal Remedies: Advising on objections, appeals, judicial review or other legal remedies where the underlying tax liability or a CRA decision is disputed.

CRA collection action can escalate when tax debt remains unresolved. Addressing the matter early can help clarify the available options and reduce the risk of additional enforcement measures.

Learn More About CRA Collections & Tax Debt

Facing CRA Collection Action?

Our tax lawyers advise individuals and businesses facing CRA collections, significant tax debt and enforcement action.

Facing a CRA Audit?

Our tax lawyers advise and represent individuals and businesses throughout the CRA audit process.

CRA Audits

A CRA audit can involve a detailed review of an individual’s or business’s tax filings, financial records and supporting documentation. KR Law Firm advises and represents taxpayers during CRA audits, helping them respond to information requests, address disputed issues and protect their legal position throughout the audit process.

How We Assist With CRA Audits

  • Audit Review and Strategy: Reviewing the scope of the audit, relevant tax filings, CRA correspondence and the issues under examination.
  • Responding to CRA Requests: Assisting with CRA information and document requests and advising on the taxpayer’s obligations and legal position.
  • CRA Communication and Representation: Communicating with CRA auditors as an authorized representative and addressing questions or concerns that arise during the audit.
  • Proposed Adjustments & Reassessments: Reviewing proposed audit adjustments, identifying disputed issues and making submissions where appropriate.
  • Post-Audit Disputes: Advising on objections and further appeal options if an audit results in a reassessment that the taxpayer disputes.

The scope and complexity of a CRA audit can vary significantly depending on the taxpayer, the issues under review and the records involved. Obtaining advice early in the process can help ensure that CRA requests are addressed carefully and that potential tax disputes are identified before the audit is completed.

Learn More About CRA Audits

Facing a CRA Dispute or Tax Enforcement Matter?

Whether you are dealing with a CRA collection action, tax audit, disputed assessment or Tax Court proceeding, KR Law Firm can review your circumstances and discuss the legal options that may be available.

Tax Objections

If you disagree with a CRA assessment or reassessment, you may be able to challenge it by filing a Notice of Objection. KR Law Firm assists individuals and businesses with tax objections involving disputed assessments, reassessments, penalties and other CRA decisions.

How We Assist With Tax Objections

  • Assessment and Reassessment Review: Reviewing the CRA’s position, the issues in dispute, relevant tax filings, supporting records and applicable legal considerations.
  • Notice of Objection Preparation: Preparing and filing a Notice of Objection that identifies the disputed issues, relevant facts and grounds for challenging the CRA’s assessment.
  • Evidence and Legal Submissions: Organizing supporting documentation and developing submissions addressing the factual and legal issues raised in the objection.
  • CRA Appeals Representation: Communicating with the CRA Appeals officer, responding to information requests and advocating for the taxpayer’s position during the objection process.
  • Further Appeal Options: Advising on an appeal to the Tax Court of Canada where the CRA confirms the assessment or the taxpayer otherwise disagrees with the objection decision.

Objection deadlines can be strict and vary depending on the taxpayer and type of assessment. In many cases, a Notice of Objection must be filed within 90 days of the assessment or reassessment, although different rules can apply to individuals, trusts and other taxpayers. If the deadline has passed, an extension may be available in certain circumstances.

Learn More About Tax Objections

Disagree With a CRA Assessment?

Our tax lawyers assist individuals and businesses with Notices of Objection and disputes involving CRA assessments and reassessments.

Need to Correct Past Tax Filings?

Our tax lawyers assist individuals and businesses with Voluntary Disclosures Program applications involving past tax errors or omissions.

Voluntary Disclosures Program (VDP)

The Canada Revenue Agency’s Voluntary Disclosures Program allows eligible taxpayers and registrants to correct certain errors or omissions in previous tax filings and apply for relief from penalties, part of the interest, and criminal prosecution related to the disclosed information. Any underlying tax owing must still be paid.

How the Voluntary Disclosures Program Works

  • Unprompted Applications: Applications made before the taxpayer has been prompted by the CRA or another authority will normally be considered for general relief.
  • Prompted Applications: Some taxpayers who have already received certain communications concerning possible non-compliance may still qualify for the VDP and will normally be considered for partial relief, provided they are not otherwise excluded from the program.
  • Correcting Past Errors or Omissions: The VDP may apply to matters such as previously unreported income, incorrect or incomplete tax filings, foreign income or assets, and certain GST/HST issues.
  • Supporting Documentation: A VDP application generally requires the information, returns, forms and supporting documents necessary to correct the non-compliance.

How KR Law Firm Can Help

  • Eligibility Assessment: Reviewing the circumstances to determine whether a voluntary disclosure may be available and appropriate.
  • Disclosure Strategy: Identifying the tax years, issues and supporting documentation that may need to be addressed.
  • VDP Application Preparation: Assisting with the preparation and submission of the voluntary disclosure and related legal submissions.
  • CRA Communication: Communicating with the CRA regarding the application and responding to requests for additional information.
  • VDP Decision Review: Advising on the CRA’s decision and any further options that may be available if relief is denied or limited.

The availability and level of relief under the VDP depend on the circumstances of the disclosure, the type of application and whether the CRA considers the application eligible. Seeking advice before submitting a disclosure can help clarify the applicable requirements and potential relief.

Learn More About the Voluntary Disclosures Program

Judicial Review of CRA Decisions

Some CRA decisions involve discretionary authority rather than the correctness of a tax assessment. If you believe the CRA did not exercise that discretion fairly or reasonably, you may be able to seek judicial review in the Federal Court. KR Law Firm advises and represents taxpayers in judicial review matters involving CRA discretionary decisions.

When Judicial Review May Apply

  • Taxpayer Relief Decisions: Challenging a CRA decision concerning a request to cancel or waive penalties or interest.
  • Voluntary Disclosures Program Decisions: Seeking review where the CRA has denied or limited discretionary relief under the VDP.
  • Remission-Related Decisions: Considering judicial review where an administrative decision concerning a remission request may be reviewable.
  • Other CRA Discretionary Decisions: Reviewing other administrative decisions where the issue is whether the CRA exercised its discretion lawfully, fairly and reasonably.

How KR Law Firm Can Help

  • Decision Review: Reviewing the CRA decision, procedural history and available record to assess whether judicial review may be appropriate.
  • Administrative Review Strategy: Advising on whether a second CRA administrative review should be requested or pursued before an application for judicial review is filed.
  • Federal Court Application: Preparing and filing the judicial review application and related court materials.
  • Legal Submissions and Representation: Developing the legal arguments and representing the taxpayer throughout the Federal Court proceeding.

A judicial review does not generally allow the Federal Court to replace the CRA’s discretionary decision with its own. If the Court finds that the decision was not properly made, it may set the decision aside and send the matter back to the CRA for reconsideration in accordance with the Court’s reasons.

Judicial review applications are subject to strict time limits. In many CRA discretionary-decision matters, an application to the Federal Court must generally be filed within 30 days of the taxpayer receiving or being notified of the decision, subject to the applicable law and circumstances.

Learn More About Judicial Review of CRA Decisions

Challenging a CRA Discretionary Decision?

Our tax lawyers represent taxpayers in Federal Court judicial review proceedings involving CRA discretionary decisions.

Seeking Relief From CRA Penalties or Interest?

Our tax lawyers assist individuals and businesses with CRA requests to cancel or waive penalties and interest.

Penalty & Interest Relief

The Canada Revenue Agency has discretion under the taxpayer relief provisions to cancel or waive certain penalties and interest where the applicable requirements are met. KR Law Firm assists individuals and businesses with requests for CRA penalty and interest relief where events beyond their control, CRA actions, financial hardship or other relevant circumstances may support relief.

When Penalty and Interest Relief May Be Available

  • Extraordinary Circumstances: Events such as serious illness, natural disasters, significant disruptions or other circumstances beyond the taxpayer’s control may support a request for relief.
  • CRA Errors or Delays: Relief may be considered where penalties or interest resulted from CRA processing delays, incorrect information, administrative errors or unreasonable delays in resolving a tax matter.
  • Financial Hardship or Inability to Pay: In some circumstances, the CRA may consider interest relief where significant financial hardship or an inability to pay has affected the taxpayer’s ability to meet their tax obligations.
  • Other Relevant Circumstances: The CRA may consider other situations based on the specific facts and supporting evidence provided with the request.

How KR Law Firm Can Help

  • Eligibility and Case Assessment: Reviewing the circumstances, CRA account history and supporting evidence to assess whether taxpayer relief may be available.
  • Relief Request Preparation: Preparing a detailed request explaining the circumstances and the legal and factual basis for cancelling or waiving penalties or interest.
  • Supporting Documentation: Identifying and organizing records that may support the taxpayer’s request for relief.
  • CRA Communication: Communicating with the CRA during the review process and responding to requests for additional information.
  • Review of an Unfavourable Decision: Advising on a second administrative review and, where appropriate, judicial review of a CRA taxpayer-relief decision.

Penalty and interest relief is discretionary and is not guaranteed. The CRA considers the taxpayer’s circumstances, compliance history, actions taken to address the issue, and the supporting evidence provided with the request.

Learn More About Penalty & Interest Relief

Real Estate Tax Matters

Real estate transactions can raise significant Canadian tax issues, particularly where the CRA questions how a property sale, rental activity, assignment or principal residence has been reported. KR Law Firm advises and represents individuals and businesses in disputes and compliance matters involving the tax treatment of Canadian real estate.

Common Real Estate Tax Issues

  • Principal Residence Exemption: Advising on CRA disputes involving the designation and reporting of a principal residence and whether all or part of a gain may qualify for the exemption.
  • Property Flipping and Business Income: Advising on disputes concerning whether profit from the purchase and sale of real estate should be treated as business income rather than a capital gain, including where the residential property flipping rules may apply.
  • Assignment Sales: Assisting with tax issues involving the assignment of purchase agreements, including income tax and potential GST/HST consequences.
  • Rental and Investment Properties: Advising on tax issues arising from the sale, change in use or disposition of rental and other investment properties.
  • CRA Audits and Reassessments: Representing taxpayers where the CRA audits or reassesses real estate transactions, reported gains, exemptions or related tax positions.

How KR Law Firm Can Help

  • Transaction and Tax Review: Reviewing the property history, purchase and sale documents, tax filings and CRA correspondence to identify the issues in dispute.
  • CRA Representation: Communicating with the CRA during audits, reviews and reassessments involving real estate transactions.
  • Objections and Appeals: Challenging disputed CRA reassessments through the objection and appeal process where appropriate.
  • Legal Analysis and Submissions: Preparing legal and factual submissions concerning the characterization and tax treatment of real estate transactions.

The tax treatment of a real estate transaction depends on the specific facts, including how the property was acquired, used and ultimately disposed of. Early advice can be particularly important where the CRA is reviewing a property sale or questioning whether a gain was properly reported.

Learn More About Real Estate Tax Matters

Facing a CRA Real Estate Tax Issue?

Our tax lawyers advise and represent clients in CRA disputes involving property sales, principal residence claims, assignments and other real estate tax matters.

Unsure About Your Canadian Tax Residency?

Our tax lawyers advise individuals on Canadian residency status, residential ties, tax treaties and CRA residency disputes.

Tax Residency

A person’s Canadian tax obligations depend in part on whether they are considered a resident or non-resident of Canada for income tax purposes. Tax residency is determined based on the individual’s circumstances, including residential ties to Canada, time spent inside and outside the country, and the possible application of a tax treaty.

Common Tax Residency Issues

  • Leaving Canada: Advising individuals who are departing Canada on whether they may cease to be Canadian residents for tax purposes and the potential tax consequences of departure.
  • Entering or Returning to Canada: Advising on when Canadian tax residency may begin after an individual establishes significant residential ties with Canada or otherwise becomes resident for Canadian income tax purposes.
  • Residential Ties: Reviewing factors such as a home in Canada, a spouse or common-law partner, dependants, economic ties and other connections that may affect residency status.
  • Dual Residency and Tax Treaties: Advising where an individual may be considered resident in both Canada and another country and a tax treaty may affect the determination of residency.
  • CRA Residency Determinations: Assisting with disputes, CRA reviews and requests involving an individual’s Canadian residency status.

How KR Law Firm Can Help

  • Residency Status Review: Reviewing the individual’s residential ties, travel history, living arrangements and other relevant circumstances.
  • CRA Residency Forms: Advising on whether to submit Form NR73 when leaving Canada or Form NR74 when entering Canada to request the CRA’s opinion regarding residency status.
  • Tax Treaty Analysis: Reviewing the potential application of a tax treaty where residency in more than one country may be an issue.
  • CRA Representation: Communicating with the CRA where residency status is under review or has resulted in a tax dispute.
  • Objections and Appeals: Advising on available dispute-resolution options where a residency determination affects an assessment or reassessment.

Tax residency is highly fact-specific. Maintaining significant residential ties with Canada can result in continued Canadian residency even while living abroad, while establishing or severing those ties can affect when residency begins or ends.

Learn More About Canadian Tax Residency

CRA Remission Orders

A remission order is a rare and extraordinary form of relief that may provide full or partial relief from federal tax, interest, penalties or other debt administered by the Canada Revenue Agency. Remission is generally considered only where relief may be warranted but cannot be achieved through the ordinary tax rules, an assessment, objection, taxpayer relief provisions or other available remedies.

When Remission May Be Considered

  • Severe Financial Hardship: A remission request may be considered where payment of the amount would create significant financial hardship and the circumstances are exceptional.
  • Extenuating Circumstances: Serious circumstances beyond the taxpayer’s control that are directly connected to the tax debt may support a request for remission.
  • CRA Error: Remission may be considered where an error or incorrect information from the CRA caused an additional amount of tax, interest or penalties to become payable.
  • Other Exceptional Circumstances: Other exceptional circumstances may support a remission request where relief could be justified based on fairness and the public interest.

How KR Law Firm Can Help

  • Remission Eligibility Review: Reviewing the tax debt, circumstances and remedies already pursued to assess whether a remission request may be appropriate.
  • Remission Request Preparation: Preparing a detailed request explaining the factual and legal basis for remission and identifying the amounts for which relief is requested.
  • Supporting Evidence: Identifying and organizing financial records, medical documentation, CRA correspondence and other evidence relevant to the request.
  • CRA Communication: Communicating with the CRA during the remission review and responding to requests for additional information.
  • Review of a Denied Request: Advising on available options where remission is denied, including judicial review in appropriate circumstances.

Remission is not a routine tax-debt solution and is not granted simply because a taxpayer cannot pay an outstanding balance. In most cases, taxpayers are expected to pursue other available remedies before requesting a remission review.

Learn More About Remission Orders

Are You Considering a Remission Request?

Our tax lawyers advise individuals and businesses on exceptional CRA remission requests and related legal remedies.

Facing a CRA Criminal Investigation?

Our tax lawyers advise and represent individuals and businesses facing CRA criminal investigations and tax prosecution matters.

Criminal Tax Investigations & Prosecution

CRA criminal tax investigations are distinct from ordinary civil audits and may involve allegations of tax evasion, tax fraud or other serious violations of Canadian tax law. KR Law Firm advises and represents individuals and businesses facing CRA criminal investigations and related prosecution matters.

Criminal Tax Matters May Involve

  • Tax Evasion Allegations: Investigations involving allegations that income was deliberately concealed, expenses were improperly claimed, records were falsified or other steps were taken to evade tax.
  • GST/HST and False Refund Matters: Investigations involving alleged GST/HST evasion, false refund claims or other serious tax-related offences.
  • Search Warrants and Evidence Gathering: CRA investigators may gather documents and other evidence, interview taxpayers and witnesses, and obtain judicial authorization for investigative measures such as search warrants.
  • Referral for Criminal Prosecution: Where the CRA believes criminal charges may be warranted, an investigation may be referred to the Public Prosecution Service of Canada (PPSC) for an independent decision on prosecution.

How KR Law Firm Can Help

  • Early Legal Advice: Advising clients on their legal position and available options when a matter has escalated beyond a routine CRA audit or civil compliance issue.
  • Investigation Response: Assisting with communications, document requests, interviews and other steps arising during a CRA criminal investigation.
  • Search and Enforcement Issues: Advising clients where search warrants, seizures or other investigative measures are involved.
  • Defence Strategy: Reviewing the allegations, evidence and applicable tax and criminal law issues to develop an appropriate defence strategy.
  • Prosecution Representation: Providing legal representation where criminal tax charges have been laid or prosecution proceedings are underway.

A CRA criminal investigation is fundamentally different from a civil tax audit. A criminal investigation may lead to prosecution and, upon conviction, court-imposed fines, imprisonment and a criminal record, in addition to taxes and interest that may remain payable.

Learn More About Criminal Tax Investigations

Tax Planning

Effective tax planning can help individuals and businesses understand the Canadian tax consequences of transactions, business structures and other financial decisions before they are implemented. KR Law Firm provides legal advice on lawful tax planning, compliance and the management of potential tax risk.

Tax Planning Matters May Include

  • Business Structures and Transactions: Advising on the tax implications of corporations, partnerships, reorganizations and other business arrangements.
  • Shareholder and Owner-Manager Issues: Advising business owners on tax considerations arising from compensation, distributions, transactions and corporate changes.
  • Real Estate and Investment Transactions: Reviewing potential Canadian tax consequences before significant property or investment transactions are completed.
  • Residency and Cross-Border Considerations: Advising on Canadian tax issues where residency, foreign assets or cross-border circumstances may affect tax obligations.
  • Tax Risk and Compliance: Identifying potential tax issues in proposed transactions and advising on the legal requirements and risks involved.

How KR Law Firm Can Help

  • Legal Tax Analysis: Reviewing the proposed transaction or arrangement and identifying relevant Canadian tax considerations.
  • Planning and Structuring Advice: Advising on available legal structures and the tax consequences associated with different options.
  • CRA Risk Assessment: Identifying potential audit, reassessment, reporting or anti-avoidance issues associated with a proposed transaction or structure.
  • Coordination With Other Advisors: Working with accountants and other professional advisors where legal and accounting considerations overlap.

Tax planning should be based on the specific facts and applicable law. Transactions that are inconsistent with the object, spirit or purpose of the tax rules may be subject to anti-avoidance provisions, including the General Anti-Avoidance Rule, and can result in CRA scrutiny and reassessment.

Learn More About Tax Planning

Planning a Significant Tax or Business Transaction?

Our tax lawyers advise individuals and businesses on Canadian tax planning, transaction structuring and potential CRA risks.

Have questions about CRA audits, objections, tax debt, voluntary disclosures, tax residency, or other Canadian tax matters?

Visit our Canadian Tax FAQ for answers to common tax questions.